Tomasz Ciesielski
Russian armed intervention in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the years 1733-1736
ACTA. The role of the military in political transitions: from the 18th century to the present day. XLIX International Congress of Military History 1-6 September 2024, Lisbon
Volume 1, ed. Jorge Silva Rocha, Lisbon 2024, s. 115-131
DOI: 10.56092/GDSK9438
Abstrakt: From the mid-18th century, Russia had the largest armed forces in Europe, which created a solid foundation for building a position of power for this state. This work was begun by Peter I in the second decade of the 18th century. The wars he waged meant that Russia gained access to the Baltic Sea, and thanks to the control of Livonia, Estonia, and Ingria, it was impressive and profitable. However, Russia’s attempts to gain a strong position in the western basin of the Baltic Sea were unsuccessful, because Pomerania, acquired from Sweden, and the mouth of the Elbe was given to allies, Denmark and Prussia, in the first half of the 1720s. The most expensive, although not the longest, armed intervention took place in the years 1733-1736, and was connected with the election of a new king of the Commonwealth after the death of Augustus II. The Russians had been preparing for this since the beginning of the 1730s. They did not intend to act alone but in alliances with other neighbors of the Commonwealth, the Habsburg Monarchy, and the Kingdom of Prussia. The Russian protectorate over Courland and Semigalia was consolidated, with the favorite of Empress Anna, Ernst Johan Biron becoming its hereditary prince. The successful intervention increased Russia’s importance in the international arena and the Russians’ conviction of their country’s military power and superpower role.
Słowa klucze: Russia, Habsburg Monarchy, Polish-Lithuaniaian Commonwealth, Saxony, War of the Polish Succession 1733-1735
Tomasz Ciesielski
Król elekt August III – elektor saski Fryderyk August II w Opolu: grudzień 1733 r. – styczeń 1734 r.
Rocznik Filozoficzny Ignatianum
Tom 30, 2022, numer 4, s. 75-100
DOI: 10.35765/rfi.2024.3004.7
Abstrakt: W artykule omówione zostały sprawy organizacyjne, przebieg i znaczenie polityczne pobytu elektora saskiego Fryderyka Augusta w Opolu w dniach 15 grudnia 1733 r. – 3 stycznia 1734 r. Jest to ważny epizod tak w dziejach miasta, jak i Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów, pomijany jednak do tej pory w historiografii. Tymczasem na przełomie 1733 i 1734 r. o wizycie przyszłego króla polskiego w Opolu było stosunkowo głośno w Europie, a notatki informujące o tym publikowane były w prasie wydawanej w Austrii, Rzeszy Niemieckiej, Rosji czy Wielkiej Brytanii. W artykule wykorzystano doniesienia gazetowe, a przede wszystkim relacje z podróży elektora, jego żony Marii Józefy i dworu saskiego, dokumenty logistyczne oraz korespondencję i rachunki przechowywane w archiwach saskich, austriackich oraz w Archiwum Państwowym w Opolu.
Słowa klucze: Opole, Fryderyk August II Wettin (August III), Maria Józefa Habsburg, Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów, bezkrólewie 1733 r., wojna o tron polski 1733–1735